INCO TERMS

A list of 13 standard terms for foreign trade contracts listing the respective responsibilities of buyer and seller, covering collection/delivery, risk and cost responsibilities, they are internationally agreed rules for the interpretation of export terms used in overseas trade, formulated by the International Chamber of Commerce.

Incoterms are a set of uniform rules codifying the interpretation of trade terms defining the rights and obligations of both buyer and seller in an international transaction.
They are hence a basis of the transfere of responsibility from seller to buyer at a convenient place where goods can be inspected.

Hence “FOB”,”C&F”and “CIF” arrange for this to occur upon loading on board the vessel.
With containers inspection at ship side is not possible so that :FOB”,CFR etc are inappropriate .

The international chamber Of commerce( ICC) have accordingly drafted three combined transport equivelants which they advise to use when availing of combined transport services in order to avoid disputes, they are FCA ,CPT and CIP which transfere responsibility from sellers to buyers at the inland point at which the carrier takes charge of the goods.

Incoterms can be divided into recommended usages by mode of carriage the division recommended by the (ICC) is:
 - All modes (i.e combined transport) -EXW,FCA,CPT,CIP.,DAF,DDU,DDB
 - Conventional port to port sea carriage only - FAS,FOB,CFI,CIF,DAS,DEQ

THE TERMS SET OUT HEREUNDER ARE THE INCOTERMS 1990:

Term	Description
EXW	Ex Work (Named Place)
FCA	Free Carier (Named Place)
FAS	Free Alongside Ship( Named Port Of Shipment)
FOB	Free On Board (Named Port Of Shipmenty)
CFR	Cost And Freight (Named Port Of Destination)
CIF	Cost Insurance And Freight( Named Port Of Destination)
CPT	Carrier Paid To (Named Point Of Destination)
CIP	Carriage And Insurance Paid To (Named Point Of Destination)
DAF	Delivered At Frontier (Named Point)
DES	Delivered Ex Ship (Named Port Of Destination)
DEQ	Delivered Ex Quay Duty Paid(Named Port Of Destination)
DDU	Delivered Duty Unpaid( Named Point Of Destination)
DDP	Delivered Duty Paid (Named Point)